Understanding classes in Python. Before diving into metaclasses, it’s essential to have a solid grasp of classes in Python. In Python, a class is a blueprint for creating objects.

Everything in Python is an object, or so the saying goes. If you want to create your own custom objects, with their own properties and methods, you use Python’s class object to make that happen.

Typing improvements. Python’s type-hinting syntax, added in Python 3.5, allows linting tools to catch a wide variety of errors ahead of time. With each new version, typing in Python gains ...