The ABC of Python decorators. Functions with an @ symbol. Let’s try a combination of the two previous concepts: a function that takes another function and defines a function.

$ python decorator_test.py Function calculate_squares being called at 2018-08-23 12:39:02.112904 Took 2.5019338130950928 seconds Dealing with parameters. In the example above, ...

Python makes it easy to define functions but also incorporates a surprising number of features from functional programming languages. This chapter describes the basic mechanisms associated with Python ...