Archaeologists identified the artifact as a caligae, a marching boot worn in the Roman military. Caligae sandals were made of leather and nails, Bettina Tremmel, a Roman archaeologist with the ...

By the end of the first century A.D., the Roman army began transitioning to enclosed boots known as calcei. You can think of caligae as sandals and calcei as shoes. This shift was driven by the ...