In mammals, autophagosome formation, a central event in autophagy, is initiated by the ULK complex comprising ULK1/2, FIP200, ATG13, and ATG101. However, the structural basis and mechanism of the ULK ...

A high density of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is associated with poorer prognosis and survival in breast cancer patients. Recent studies have shown that lipid accumulation in TAMs can promote ...

Propranolol reduces experimental murine cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) and prevents embryonic caudal venous plexus (CVP) lesions in zebrafish that follow mosaic inactivation of ccm2. Because ...

Proteasome activator 28γ (PA28γ) plays a critical role in malignant progression of various tumors, however, its role and regulation are not well understood. Here, using oral squamous cell carcinoma ...

This useful study by Gao et al identifies Hspa2 as a heterogeneous transcript in the early embryo and proposes a plausible mechanism showing interactions with Carm1. The authors propose that ...

Researchers have identified a set of geological reaction conditions that may have catalysed life on Earth. Researchers have discovered a plausible evolutionary setting in which nucleic acids – the ...

Changes in neural activity thought to reflect brain aging may be partly influenced by age-dependent signals ‘leaking’ from the heart.

This important work shows how a simple geophysical setting of gas flow over a narrow channel of water can create a physical environment that leads to the isothermal replication of nucleic acids. The ...

Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States Across development, children must learn motor skills such as eating with a spoon and drawing with a crayon.

In sum, odors initiate feeding behavior in Drosophila.

Cortices from 11 primate species share the same archetypal fractal shape, indicating a universal mechanism for primate and mammalian cortical folding, and suggesting novel shape biomarkers for brains.

A complex extracted from the amniotic membrane in humans reduces post-surgical pain in mice by directly inhibiting pain-sensing neurons.