API calls to models such as gpt-3.5-turbo-0613 and gpt-4-0613, and allow the model to intelligently generate a JSON object containing arguments for calling those functions.

Without functions: by repeatedly writing the code to draw a triangle with. With a Python function call: by generating lots of coordinates and feeding them to your “draw triangle” function.

When a VBA solution falls short of your needs, there's probably a Windows API function that can handle the job. Susan Harkins lists 10 handy APIs and explains how you can put them to work.