Therefore bacteria in biofilms express genes differently when compared with similar bacteria as planktonic cells. Some of the genes that are up-regulated are involved in the secretion of EPS.

rather than as "planktonic" or free-floating cells in liquid. [3] Micro-organisms commonly attach to living and nonliving surfaces, including medical devices, and form biofilms that lead to ...

Micro decisions can have macro consequences. A soft matter physicist reveals how interactions within simple cellular ...

A key step in the development of bacterial biofilms — complex structures resistant to ... but the genotypic differences between attached and planktonic cells remains unclear. In February 5 online ...

The most crucial difference between a bacterial biofilm and free-floating (planktonic) single-cells living in liquid suspensions is the biofilm’s dramatically increased chemotolerance. This has been ...

Light-activated copper microrobots use single-atom catalysis and peroxide to penetrate biofilms, generate reactive oxygen ...

While some bacteria do naturally exist in this individual ‘planktonic ... and immune cells to reach the bacteria inside. Even if a drug manages to penetrate the biofilm, it often encounters ...

Unlike their planktonic counterparts, bacteria in biofilms are encapsulated in an extracellular matrix, a complex mixture of macromolecules (including DNA). We use biophotonics and soft matter ...

What’s more, oxygen depletion causes cells in the center to enter a hibernation-like state, making them tolerant to antibiotics that target metabolic processes. In fact, biofilms can withstand doses ...

the antimicrobial agents released by the robot target planktonic bacteria cells; and finally, the robot forms bonds with biofilm fragments, which prevents infections from recurring. The liquid ...

These cells are metabolically active, normal in size, and similar to planktonic organisms. The age of the biofilm also affects its susceptibility to antibiotics. Older (10-day-old) biofilms are ...