Adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) is a kind of intelligent control method, and it is a non-model-based method that can directly approximate the optimal control policy via online learning. The ...

In this study, an approximate dynamic programming approach with function approximation is applied to the scheduling of adaptive traffic signal control at isolated intersection. By using the linear ...

The main difference between the adaptive immune system compared with computer machine learning is that only the number of T helper cells of each type can be varied, as opposed to the connection ...