This response is general and nonspecific. If pathogens manage to bypass the innate immune system, macrophages will attack them. Macrophages will also produce substances called cytokines ...
Innate immune responses are rapid and independent of antigen. Innate immune systems are found in all classes of plants and animals. Distinct proteolytic pathways share convergent activation ...
More information: Steve Smarduch et al, A novel biosensor for the spatiotemporal analysis of STING activation during innate immune responses to dsDNA, The EMBO Journal (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s44318 ...
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