Before modern clocks existed, muslim scholars used the moon and stars to measure time. They studied the sky carefully, tracking how the stars moved each night and how the moon changed shape. This helped them know the hours, plan their travels, and organize daily life. The sky was their natural clock, and they became experts at reading it. Arab and Persian astronomers were pioneers in astronomy, preserving Greek knowledge while also advancing the field with new tools and ideas. Arabs used the sta

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